Industry Article: Time-lapse has multiple impacts - The economics of 4D

Time-lapse 3-D, or 4-D, seismic technology was first introduced in the early 1980s but has gained widespread interest and use only in the past 5 years. The literature increasingly includes successful case studies with hints, if not quantification, of the economic benefit realized in managing the reservoir. For some companies, 4-D seismic programs are now an essential part of their global reservoir management strategy. To others, 4-D seismic tools are still perceived as a niche technology, limited to North Sea clastic oil reservoirs and a smattering of other special interest applications such as monitoring steamfloods and gas storage facilities.

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